El Niño and La Niña, the two phases of ENSO, are sometimes described as opposites. However, there are asymmetries in their spatial structure, amplitude, duration and seasonal evolution. This leads to differing teleconnections and global impacts, as well as implications for ENSO predictability. The...
Main variables and Earth System components:
Domain: Tropics
See Expert Guidance by Santoso, Agus
Years of Record: 1870/01 to 2018/10
There are several indices used to monitor the tropical Pacific, all of which are based on SST anomalies averaged across a given region. Usually the anomalies are computed relative to a base period of 30 years. The Niño 3.4 index and the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) are the most...
Main variables and Earth System components:
Timestep: Monthly
Domain: Pacific Ocean, Tropics
See Expert Guidance by Trenberth, Kevin
Years of Record: 1953/01 to 2012/09
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a quasi-periodic oscillation of the equatorial zonal wind between easterlies and westerlies in the tropical stratosphere with a mean period of 28 to 29 months. The alternating wind regimes develop at the top of the lower stratosphere and propagate downwards...
Main variables and Earth System components:
Formats: ascii
Timestep: Monthly
Domain: Tropics 
Years of Record: 1866/01 to 2022/03
The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is a time series used to characterize the large scale sea level pressure (SLP) patterns in the tropical Pacific. Monthly mean SLP at Tahiti [T] and Darwin [D] are used. An optimal SOI can be constructed. It consists of [T-D] which is a measure of the large...
Main variables and Earth System components:
Formats: netCDF | ascii
Timestep: Monthly
Domain: Australia, Pacific Ocean, Tropics
See Expert Guidance by Trenberth, Kevin
Years of Record: 1998/01 to 2019/12
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a joint space mission between NASA and Japan's National Space Development Agency designed to monitor and study tropical and subtropical precipitation and the associated release of energy. The mission uses 5 instruments: Precipitation Radar (PR),...
Main variables and Earth System components:
Formats: netCDF | HDF
Timestep: Sub-daily,Daily,Monthly
Domain: Tropics
See Expert Guidance by Huffman, George J. | See Expert Guidance by Pendergrass, Angeline
Years of Record: 1992/01 to 2013/04
The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program (TOGA) is a component of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) aimed specifically at the prediction of climate phenomena on time scales of months to years. In order to achieve the TOGA goals, a strategy of large-scale, long-term monitoring of the...
Main variables and Earth System components:
Formats: netCDF | ascii
Timestep: Sub-daily,Daily,Monthly,Weekly
Domain: Tropics 