JRA-55C is a fixed observing system atmospheric reanalysis that uses the same model and data assimilation scheme as JRA-55. The observations assimilated include surface station data, radiosondes, tropical cyclone retrievals and wind profilers. No satellite observations are included. JRA-55C spans November, 1972 thru December, 2012 but may be extended back to 1958 by combing it with JRA-55 for the pre-satellite era 1958- October 1972. JRA-55C is intended for detecting the impacts of observing system changes on JRA-55, and for studies of climate variability and change.
The following was contributed by Chiaki Kobayashi, Japan Meterological Agency and Meterological Research Institute, December, 2015:
The Japanese 55-year Reanalysis Conventional (JRA-55C; C. Kobayashi et al. 2014) is an atmospheric reanalysis assimilating conventional observations only. This reanalysis dataset was created without assimilating satellite observations by using the same data assimilation system as JRA-55 (S. Kobayashi et al. 2015) in order to investigate the impact of observing system changes on the JRA-55 product and to provide more homogeneous meteorological variables for studies of climate change and multi-decadal variability. The conventional observations assimilated here are surface observations, radiosondes, tropical cyclone retrievals and wind-profilers. The JRA-55C reanalysis covers the period from January 1958 to December 2012, including the pre-satellite era (January 1958 to October 1972) from the JRA-55 reanalysis; the data assimilation of JRA-55C was performed only for the period after November 1972 during which satellite observations were assimilated in JRA-55.
Along with these key limitations, the product has large uncertainties in areas where conventional observations are sparse, e.g. over oceans, in the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes and in the upper stratosphere.
There are large uncertainties in model diagnostic variables such as precipitation, evaporation, radiation flux and cloud cover. This is the case with all reanalyses, (see Expert Guidance of JRA -55).
The bias correction method for radiosonde temperatures adopted by JRA-55 is applied to JRA-55C (see Subsection 2.2.a in S. Kobayashi et al., 2015).##
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Time series of the RMSE of 2-day forecasts of geopotential height at 500 hPa verified against the corresponding analysis for the NH (20°N−90°N). Units are geopotential meters (gpm). A 12-month running mean was applied for smoothing. “Operation” indicates the JMA operational forecast started from the JMA operational analysis at the indicated time. Each forecast is started from the data produced by the corresponding reanalysis. Adapted and updated from C. Kobayashi et al. (2014, Fig. 3) (Contributed by C. Kobayashi) |
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Time-height cross section of equatorial (5°S−5°N) zonal mean U wind component from 1958 to 2012 shown in a) JRA-55, b) JRA-55C and c) JRA-55AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-type simulation using the same numerical weather prediction system as JRA-55 without assimilating observations). Units are m s−1. Adapted and updated from C. Kobayashi et al. (2014, Fig. 7) (Contributed by C. Kobayahshi) |
Kobayashi, Chiaki & National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (Eds). Last modified 01 Mar 2016. "The Climate Data Guide: JRA-55C (reanalysis using conventional observations)." Retrieved from https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/jra-55c-reanalysis-using-conventional-observations.
Funding: NSF | National Science Foundation
Based at: NCAR | National Center for Atmospheric Research
A Project of: Climate Analysis Section in Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory
Created by: Climate Data Guide PIs and Staff
