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![Global surface temperature data: GISTEMP: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Surface Temperature Analysis Global surface temperature data: GISTEMP: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Surface Temperature Analysis](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2022-03/Lenssen-f2.png?itok=vUv-6j95)
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NASA Goddard's Global Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP) combines land surface air temperatures primarily from the GHCN-M version 4 with SSTs of the ERSSTv5 analysis into a comprehensive global surface temperature data set spanning 1880 to the present at monthly…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Air Temperature Ocean SST - sea surface temperature-
Timestep
- Monthly
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Domain
- Global
Experts contributing reviews
- Lenssen, Nathan
![CERES: IGBP Land Classification CERES: IGBP Land Classification](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2022-03/teaser_images_623.png?itok=XeTiZ171)
Years of record
The International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP) defines ecosystems surface classifications. The CERES (Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System)10-minute data can be used to derive the land categories.
Experts contributing reviews
![) Example of CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud mask along a single orbit. (contributed by Leah Bertrand)](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2023-08/CDG_fig01.png?itok=lfxlGJPG)
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A global (82S-82N) cloud fraction data set, providing a unique view of cloud vertical structure, has been developed based on the complimentary spaceborne remote sensing capabilities of the CloudSat radar and the CALISPSO lidar. The data set provides monthly mean cloud…
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Formats
- netCDF
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Timestep
- Monthly, Seasonal, Annual
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Domain
- Global
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Collections
- Diagnostic Data Sets, NCAR-DOE-CESM, atmosdiagnostics
Experts contributing reviews
- Bertrand, Leah, Kay, Jennifer
![Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2022-03/SPEI.png?itok=64dJ85gE)
Years of record
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The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is an extension of the widely used Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The SPEI is designed to take into account both precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) in determining drought. Thus,…
Main variables and Earth System components
Experts contributing reviews
- Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M.
![NP Index](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2024-04/npindex.teaser_0.gif?itok=oB1gVbUA)
Years of record
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The North Pacific Index (NP index or NPI) is the area-weighted sea level pressure over the region 30°N-65°N, 160°E-140°W. The NP index is defined to measure interannual to decadal variations in the atmospheric circulation. The dominant atmosphere-ocean relation in the…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Monthly, Seasonal
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Collections
- Climate Analysis Section (CAS) Data Catalog
Experts contributing reviews
- Hurrell, James, Phillips, Adam
![timeseries of signal and noise in the SOI](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2023-09/soi3.gif?itok=jYDJ17xv)
Years of record
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The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is a time series used to characterize the large scale sea level pressure (SLP) patterns in the tropical Pacific. Monthly mean SLP at Tahiti [T] and Darwin [D] are used. An optimal SOI can be constructed. It consists of [T-D] which…
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Timestep
- Monthly
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Domain
- Australia, Pacific Ocean, Tropics
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Collections
- Climate Analysis Section (CAS) Data Catalog
Experts contributing reviews
- Trenberth, Kevin
![NAM Spatial Pattern (DJFM)](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2024-04/nam_sm.png?itok=4_KjQ9ml)
Years of record
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The NAM (or Arctic Oscillation) is defined as the first EOF of NH (20°-90°N) winter SLP data. It explains 23% of the extended winter mean (December-March) variance, and it is clearly dominated by the NAO structure in the Atlantic sector. Although there are some subtle…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Seasonal
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Collections
Experts contributing reviews
- Phillips, Adam
![PC-based DJFM NAO Index 1899-2024](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2024-04/nao_pc_djfm_sm.gif?itok=XcvTkuqY)
Years of record
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The principal component (PC)-based indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are the time series of the leading Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of SLP anomalies over the Atlantic sector, 20°-80°N, 90°W-40°E. These indices are used to measure the NAO…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Monthly, Seasonal, Annual
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Domain
- Atlantic Ocean
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Collections
- Climate Analysis Section (CAS) Data Catalog
Experts contributing reviews
- Hurrell, James, Phillips, Adam
![Sea Ice Concentration: NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record Sea Ice Concentration: NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2022-03/teaser_images_632.png?itok=_uomqSgw)
Years of record
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The NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record (CDR) of sea ice concentration is available at 25 x 25 km spatial resolution in daily or monthly timesteps for 1987-2014. It provides a consistent interpretation of sea ice for the satellite record, with the intent of being suitable for…
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Formats
- netCDF
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Timestep
- Daily, Monthly
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Collections
- Climate Data Record
Experts contributing reviews
- Meier, Walter
![Nino SST Indices (Nino 1+2, 3, 3.4, 4; ONI and TNI) Nino SST Indices (Nino 1+2, 3, 3.4, 4; ONI and TNI)](/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2022-03/oni.monthly.smoo_stro.png?itok=HR_SsTzH)
Years of record
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There are several indices used to monitor the tropical Pacific, all of which are based on sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies averaged across a given region. Usually the anomalies are computed relative to a base period of 30 years. The Niño 3.4 index…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Monthly
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Domain
- Pacific Ocean, Tropics
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Collections
- Climate Analysis Section (CAS) Data Catalog
Experts contributing reviews
- Trenberth, Kevin