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California AR Feb 2017 Atmospheric Rivers: The Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP)

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ARTMIP is the Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project. The goal of ARTMIP is to provide the community with the data necessary to quantify Atmospheric River (AR) uncertainty due to how ARs are defined or identified in gridded datasets. Atmospheric rivers (…

Main variables and Earth System components

Atmosphere

    • Timestep

    • Sub-daily

    • Collections

  • Experts contributing reviews

Last updated 1 day 16 hours ago
SST Data Sets: Overview & Comparison Table

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This overview focuses on SST datasets designed for climate applications. The focus is on datasets with coverage back to around 1850 at monthly resolution but select datasets over the satellite era that have been specifically developed as climate monitoring resources are…

Main variables and Earth System components

Ocean SST - sea surface temperature
Last updated 2 days 23 hours ago
AMOC Observing Systems Observations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)

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The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is comprised of a series of northward surface currents and southward currents at depth in the Atlantic Basin. It is a key part of the global ocean circulation and is responsible for substantial oceanic heat transport,…

Main variables and Earth System components

Ocean

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    • Domain

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Last updated 2 days 23 hours ago
Argo float locations July 30, 2025 Argo Ocean Temperature and Salinity Profiles

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Argo is an array of over 4100 profiling floats distributed almost uniformly across the global oceans. First deployed in 2000, Argo floats provide temperature and salinity profiles from the surface to a depth of 2000m. The array has approximately 1 float for every…

Main variables and Earth System components

Ocean Salinity Sub Surface Salinity Sub Surface Temperature

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    • Monthly, Weekly

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Last updated 1 week ago
Global Temperature Data Sets: Overview & Comparison Table Global Temperature Data Sets: Overview & Comparison Table

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Global surface temperature data sets are an essential resource for monitoring and understanding climate variability and long-term trends. The most commonly used data sets combine historical observations of near surface air temperatures at land stations with global data…

Main variables and Earth System components

Atmosphere Air Temperature Air Temperature at 2m Ocean SST - sea surface temperature

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Last updated 1 week 1 day ago
CHIRPS v3 global monthly precipitation totals for March 2025 CHIRPS: Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (Version 3)

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Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data version 3 (CHIRPS v3)is a 1981-present, land-only, high resolution 0.05° gridded precipitation dataset. It combines thermal-infrared geostationary satellite-based estimates (CHIRP3), in situ observations from…

Main variables and Earth System components

Precipitation
Last updated 3 weeks ago
Map of May 2014 precipitation totals according to CHIRPSv2. Provided by C. Martinez. CHIRPS: Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (version 2)

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Note: CHIRPS v2 has been superseded by CHIRPS v3 as of June 2025. Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) is a quasi-global (50S - 50N), land-only rainfall dataset with a range of temporal and spatial resolutions depending on the region and…

Main variables and Earth System components

Atmosphere Precipitation

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    • Climatology, Sub-daily, Daily, Monthly, Seasonal, Pentad

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Last updated 1 month 2 weeks ago
North Pacific Index timeseries North Pacific (NP) Index by Trenberth and Hurrell; monthly and winter

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The North Pacific Index (NP index or NPI) is the area-weighted sea level pressure over the region 30°N-65°N, 160°E-140°W. The NP index is defined to measure interannual to decadal variations in the atmospheric circulation. The dominant atmosphere-ocean relation in the…

Main variables and Earth System components

Atmosphere Sea Level Pressure
Last updated 3 months ago
timeseries of signal and noise in the SOI Southern Oscillation Indices: Signal, Noise and Tahiti/Darwin SLP (SOI)

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The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is a time series used to characterize the large scale sea level pressure (SLP) patterns in the tropical Pacific. Monthly mean SLP at Tahiti [T] and Darwin [D] are used. An optimal SOI can be constructed. It consists of  [T-D] which…

Main variables and Earth System components

Atmosphere Sea Level Pressure
Last updated 3 months ago
The NAM (or Arctic Oscillation) is defined as the first EOF of NH (20°-90°N) winter SLP data. It explains 23% of the extended winter mean (December-March) variance, and it is clearly dominated by the NAO structure in the Atlantic sector. Hurrell wintertime SLP-based Northern Annular Mode (NAM) Index

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The NAM (or Arctic Oscillation) is defined as the first EOF of NH (20°-90°N) winter SLP data. It explains 23% of the extended winter mean (December-March) variance, and it is clearly dominated by the NAO structure in the Atlantic sector. Although there are some subtle…

Main variables and Earth System components

Atmosphere Sea Level Pressure
Last updated 3 months ago