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Lake Water Storage: GloLakes
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Lakes and reservoirs are critical components of the hydrological cycle, particularly due to their central role in many human systems. Long-term measurements of lakes is critical for understanding the dynamics linking lake volume to the climate system and human activities…
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Formats
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Timestep
- Monthly
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Domain
- Global
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Collections
- BAMS State of the Climate
Experts contributing reviews
Years of record
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This overview focuses on SST datasets designed for climate applications. The focus is on datasets with coverage back to around 1850 at monthly resolution but select datasets over the satellite era that have been specifically developed as climate monitoring resources are…
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Formats
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Timestep
- Climatology, Daily, Monthly, Weekly
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Domain
- Global
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Collections
- Overview / Comparison page
Experts contributing reviews
- Chan, Duo, Kent, Elizabeth
Hurrell North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index (PC-based)
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The principal component (PC)-based indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are the time series of the leading Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of SLP anomalies over the Atlantic sector, 20°-80°N, 90°W-40°E. These indices are used to measure the NAO…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Monthly, Seasonal, Annual
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Domain
- Atlantic Ocean
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Collections
- Climate Analysis Section (CAS) Data Catalog
Experts contributing reviews
- Hurrell, James, Phillips, Adam
Observations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
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The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is comprised of a series of northward surface currents and southward currents at depth in the Atlantic Basin. It is a key part of the global ocean circulation and is responsible for substantial oceanic heat transport…
Main variables and Earth System components
Ocean-
Formats
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Timestep
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Domain
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Collections
Experts contributing reviews
- Lankhorst, Matthias
Atmospheric Rivers: The Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP)
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ARTMIP is the Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project. The goal of ARTMIP is to provide the community with the data necessary to quantify Atmospheric River (AR) uncertainty due to how ARs are defined or identified in gridded datasets. Atmospheric rivers…
Main variables and Earth System components
AtmosphereExperts contributing reviews
Argo Ocean Temperature and Salinity Profiles
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Argo is an array of over 4100 profiling floats distributed almost uniformly across the global oceans. First deployed in 2000, Argo floats provide temperature and salinity profiles from the surface to a depth of 2000m. The array has approximately 1 float for…
Main variables and Earth System components
Ocean Salinity Sub Surface Salinity Sub Surface TemperatureExperts contributing reviews
- Scanderbeg, Megan, Purkey, Sarah, Willis, Josh
Global Temperature Data Sets: Overview & Comparison Table
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Global surface temperature data sets are an essential resource for monitoring and understanding climate variability and long-term trends. The most commonly used data sets combine historical observations of near surface air temperatures at land stations with global data…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Air Temperature Air Temperature at 2m Ocean SST - sea surface temperature-
Timestep
- Climatology, Monthly
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Domain
- Global
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Collections
- Overview / Comparison page
Experts contributing reviews
CHIRPS: Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (Version 3)
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Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data version 3 (CHIRPS v3)is a 1981-present, land-only, high resolution 0.05° gridded precipitation dataset. It combines thermal-infrared geostationary satellite-based estimates (CHIRP3), in situ observations from…
Main variables and Earth System components
Precipitation-
Formats
- GeoTIFF
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Timestep
- Climatology, Monthly, Annual, Pentad
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Domain
- Africa, Global, South America
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Collections
Experts contributing reviews
- Alaso, Daniella
CHIRPS: Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (version 2)
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Note: CHIRPS v2 has been superseded by CHIRPS v3 as of June 2025. Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) is a quasi-global (50S - 50N), land-only rainfall dataset with a range of temporal and spatial resolutions depending on the region and…
Experts contributing reviews
- Touma, Danielle, Martinez, Carlos
North Pacific (NP) Index by Trenberth and Hurrell; monthly and winter
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The North Pacific Index (NP index or NPI) is the area-weighted sea level pressure over the region 30°N-65°N, 160°E-140°W. The NP index is defined to measure interannual to decadal variations in the atmospheric circulation. The dominant atmosphere-ocean relation in the…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Monthly, Seasonal
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Collections
- Climate Analysis Section (CAS) Data Catalog
Experts contributing reviews
- Hurrell, James, Phillips, Adam