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Sea Ice Concentration data: Overview, Comparison table and graphs
Years of record
Sea ice concentration is both an indicator and driver of high-latitude climate change with strong societal and ecological importance. It is a key boundary condition for atmospheric models (including those used in atmospheric reanalyses) and a benchmark for…
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Formats
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Timestep
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Collections
- Overview / Comparison page
Experts contributing reviews
Hurrell North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index (PC-based)
Years of record
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The principal component (PC)-based indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are the time series of the leading Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of SLP anomalies over the Atlantic sector, 20°-80°N, 90°W-40°E. These indices are used to measure the NAO…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Monthly, Seasonal, Annual
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Domain
- Atlantic Ocean
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Collections
- Climate Analysis Section (CAS) Data Catalog
Experts contributing reviews
- Hurrell, James, Phillips, Adam
Global surface temperature data: HadCRUT4 and CRUTEM4
Years of record
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Extending back to 1850 and frequently updated, HadCRUT4 is the longest data set of its type. HadCRUT4 is a combination of the global land surface temperature data set, CRUTEM4 and the global SST data set, HadSST3. HadCRUT4 is different from the most closely…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Air Temperature Ocean SST - sea surface temperature-
Timestep
- Climatology, Monthly
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Domain
- Global
Experts contributing reviews
Global Temperature Data Sets: Overview & Comparison Table
Years of record
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Global surface temperature data sets are an essential resource for monitoring and understanding climate variability and climate change. The most commonly used data sets combine historical observations of near surface air temperatures at land stations with…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Air Temperature Air Temperature at 2m Ocean SST - sea surface temperature-
Timestep
- Climatology, Monthly
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Domain
- Global
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Collections
- Overview / Comparison page
Experts contributing reviews
CHIRPS: Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (version 2)
Years of record
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Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) is a quasi-global (50S - 50N), land-only rainfall dataset with a range of temporal and spatial resolutions depending on the region and the time period. Data can be found at 0.05 deg or 0.1…
Experts contributing reviews
- Touma, Danielle, Martinez, Carlos
Tree-ring width chronologies: An overview of their use as climate proxies and of available databases
Years of record
The width of an annual tree ring is a very simple indicator of the character of that year’s weather, but collectively the global network of tree-ring width measurements represents an invaluable resource for high-resolution paleoclimatology.
Main variables and Earth System components
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Formats
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Timestep
- Annual
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Domain
- Global
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Collections
Experts contributing reviews
- St. George, Scott
IMERG precipitation algorithm and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission
Years of record
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IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Measurement) is NASA's updated precipitation algorithm, while the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international satellite mission launched by NASA and JAXA on Feb. 27…
Experts contributing reviews
- Huffman, George J.
TRMM: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
Years of record
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The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a joint space mission between NASA and Japan's National Space Development Agency designed to monitor and study tropical and subtropical precipitation and the associated release of energy. The mission uses 5…
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Timestep
- Sub-daily, Daily, Monthly
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Domain
- Tropics
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Collections
- Obs4MIPS, Climate Analysis Section (CAS) Data Catalog
Experts contributing reviews
- Huffman, George J., Pendergrass, Angeline
North Pacific (NP) Index by Trenberth and Hurrell; monthly and winter
Years of record
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The North Pacific Index (NP index or NPI) is the area-weighted sea level pressure over the region 30°N-65°N, 160°E-140°W. The NP index is defined to measure interannual to decadal variations in the atmospheric circulation. The dominant atmosphere-ocean relation…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Monthly, Seasonal
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Collections
- Climate Analysis Section (CAS) Data Catalog
Experts contributing reviews
- Hurrell, James, Phillips, Adam
Amundsen Sea Low indices
Years of record
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The Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) is a climatological low pressure center located over the extreme southern Pacific Ocean, off the coast of West Antarctica. Atmospheric variability in this region is larger than anywhere else in the Southern Hemisphere, and exhibits…
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Timestep
- Monthly, Seasonal, Annual
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Collections
Experts contributing reviews
- Hosking, Scott