"The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the largest element of the intraseasonal (30–90 days) variability in the tropical atmosphere. It is a large-scale coupling between atmospheric circulation and tropical deep convection.[1][2] Rather than being a standing pattern (like ENSO) it is a traveling pattern, propagating eastwards at approximately 4 to 8 m/s, through the atmosphere above the warm parts of the Indian and Pacific oceans. This overall circulation pattern manifests itself in various ways, most clearly as anomalous rainfall." (Wikipedia) The US-CLIVAR MJO working group has developed diagnostics for objectively evaluating the MJO. Two WWW sites demonstrate the diagnostics: http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Applications/mjoclivar.shtml and http://climate.snu.ac.kr/mjo_diagnostics/index.htm. Operational centers monitor the MJO and indicies are available at: http://cawcr.gov.au/staff/mwheeler/maproom/RMM/ and http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_mjo_index/mjo_...
Technical Notes
The US-CLIVAR MJO working group has developed diagnostics for objectively evaluating the MJO. Two WWW site demonstrate the diagnostics: http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Applications/mjoclivar.shtml and http://climate.snu.ac.kr/mjo_diagnostics/index.htm
- Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1971: Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific.J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708
- Madden, Roland A., Paul R. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40–50-Day Tropical Oscillation—A Review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814–837.
- Zhang, C. (2005), The Madden Julian Oscillation, Reviews of Geophysics, 43, RG2003
- Wheeler, M. and H. Hendon (2004): An All-Season Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index: Development of an Index for Monitoring and Prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1917-1932
- Hendon, H., M.C. Wheeler, and C. Zhang (2007): Seasonal Dependence of the MJO-ENSO Relationship. J. Climate, 20, 531-543.
- . Hendon, H.H., K.R. Sperber, D.E. Waliser, and M.C. Wheeler, 2011: Modelling monsoon intraseasonal variability: From theory to operational forecasting. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.