Combined CloudSat spaceborne radar and CALIPSO spaceborne lidar cloud fraction dataset

A global (82S-82N) cloud fraction data set, providing a unique view of cloud vertical structure, has been developed based on the complimentary spaceborne remote sensing capabilities of the CloudSat radar and the CALISPSO lidar. The data set provides monthly mean cloud fraction over several vertical layers for 2006-2011.
Key Strengths
Provides vertical cloud structure by taking advantage of the complimentary cloud sensing capabilities of CloudSat and CALIPSO
One of the better data sets for polar clouds
Key Limitations
Limited temporal sampling
Limited record length
Cite Kay and Gettelman (2009), linked in Key Reference #1.
Expert User Guidance
The following was contributed by Jennifer Kay (NCAR), February, 2012:
#CloudSat (a 94 GHz radar) and CALIPSO (a 532/1064 nm depolarization lidar) provide a unique global view of cloud vertical structure and spatial distributions. When combined, they provide the best available global estimate of cloud vertical structure. I have used the radar cloud mask (CloudSat dataset name 2B-GEOPROF R04) and the co-located lidar cloud mask (CloudSat dataset name 2B-GEOPROF-LIDAR P2 R04) datasets to produce cloud fraction climatologies. An example of the synergy of CloudSat and CALIPSO to detect clouds along a single orbit is shown in Figure 1. The lidar detects thin cloud at cloud top and low cloud that the radar misses (green), while the radar detects most mid cloud that the lidar misses due to attenuation (blue). There are some interesting low clouds that have radar-only tops (a resolution issue?) and lidar-only bottoms (radar cannot detect cloud close to surface due to ground clutter). I combined data from multiple orbits to produce the gridded cloud fraction climatologies in netcdf format. For example - Figure 2 shows the zonal annual mean vertical cloud fraction from the combined CloudSat and CALIPSO product. CloudSat and CALIPSO provide the first ability to look at the vertical structure of clouds in this way. Figure 3 shows the annual mean total cloud fraction map from CloudSat and CALIPSO.
CloudSat and CALIPSO provide new insight into the vertical distribution of clouds at all latitudes where they are available (82 S to 82 N). Because of their limited temporal sampling, I have only used CloudSat and CALIPSO to look at seasonal or annual mean cloud amounts. For comparison of CloudSat and CALIPSO observations to models, it is important to use satellite simulators (see COSP page).
Though my climatologies are global, I have used CloudSat and CALIPSO primarily in the polar regions (e.g., Kay et al. 2008, Kay and Gettelman 2009, Bromwich et al. 2012). Unlike many satellite-based estimates of cloud amount, CloudSat and CALIPSO are "active" instruments that send radiation out and measure the return signal. As such, CloudSat and CALIPSO do not rely on thermal or albedo contrast to detect clouds and thus unlike many satellite retrieval algorithms, their cloud fraction masks are not confused by the atmospheric inversions or bright surfaces that are common in polar regions. In summary, CloudSat and CALISPO are particularly useful in the polar regions where there are few cloud observations, and the observations that do exist are not as reliable as they are at lower latitudes.
Marchand et al. 2009 describes the methods for hydrometeor detection using CloudSat. Mace et al. 2009 is another useful reference. They analyze combined CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud masks globally. The CloudSat science team also produced a number of Level 3 products, including one similar to mine that combines the radar and lidar cloud masks (http://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu/).##
Key Figures
Other Information
2 x 2 degrees horizontal, 480 m vertical
- Kay and Gettelman 2009, Cloud influence on and response to seasonal Arctic sea ice loss
- Marchand et al. 2009, Hydrometeor Detection Using Cloudsat—An Earth-Orbiting 94-GHz Cloud Radar
- Mace et al. 2009, A description of hydrometeor layer occurrence statistics derived from the first year of merged Cloudsat and CALIPSO data
- Kay et al. 2008, The contribution of cloud and radiation anomalies to the 2007 Arctic sea ice extent minimum
- Bromwich et al. 2012, Tropospheric clouds in Antarctica