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SST data: HadiSST v1.1

Climate Data Guide Image: HadISST v1.1 SST anomalies and sea ice concentration (August 2012).

The Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) is a combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration for 1871-present. This page focuses on the SST data; see the separate page for discussion of HadISST sea ice. HadISST uses reduced space optimal interpolation applied to SSTs from the Marine Data Bank (mainly ship tracks) and ICOADS through 1981 and a blend of in-situ and adjusted satellite-derived SSTs for 1982-onwards. The "bucket correction" was applied to SSTs for 1871-1941. SSTs in boxes partially covered by sea ice were estimated from statistical relationships between SSTs and sea ice concentrations. SSTs were assigned a fixed value (-1.8°C) for areas with sea ice cover of greater than 90%. HadISST is primarily intended to be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric models. Version 1.1 is the current version.

Key Strengths:

  • Global, spatially complete data set useful as boundary conditions for AMIP experiments

Key Limitations:

  • Does not account for changes in SST measurement practices post-1941; suspected cold bias since the late 1990s
  • Sparse data input in the polar regions; especially in the Southern Ocean. SSTs in the high polar seas also depend on the sea ice analysis, which has its own documented problems (see separate sea ice page)
  • Non-robust trends have been identified; for example equatorial Pacific trends over the 20th Century may be misrepresented due to interpolation methods (Deser et al., 2011) and/or representation of ENSO variance (Solomon and Newman, 2012)

Years of Record

1869/12 to 2020/12
temporal metadataID:
oai:edu.ucar.rda:ds277.3

Formats

Timestep

Monthly

Data Time Period Extended?

yes, data set is extended

Domain

Global

Spatial Resolution

1°x1°

Ocean or Land

Ocean Only

Missing Data Flag

spatially complete

Vertical Levels

Surface Data Set

Input Data

Met Office Marine Data Bank, ICOADS, GTS; AVHRR SSTs

Earth system components and main variables

Ocean, SST - sea surface temperature

Suggested Data Citation

Met Office, Hadley Centre. HadISST 1.1 - Global sea-Ice coverage and SST (1870-Present), [Internet]. NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre, 2006, Date of citation,. Available from http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/view/badc.nerc.ac.uk__ATOM__dataent_hadisst
NCAR RDA: "The data for this study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA) which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The original data are available from the RDA (http://rda.ucar.edu) in dataset number ds277.3."
Rayner, N. A.; Parker, D. E.; Horton, E. B.; Folland, C. K.; Alexander, L. V.; Rowell, D. P.; Kent, E. C.; Kaplan, A. (2003) Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 108, No. D14, 4407 10.1029/2002JD002670

Data Access: Please Cite data sources, following the data providers' instructions.

  1. MetOffice HadiSST (optional registration) ascii or netCDF
  2. BADC HadiSST (mandatory registration) ascii
  3. NCAR Research Data Archive, ascii

Key Figures

Click the thumbnails to view larger sizes

Thumbnails

Captions
HadISST v1.1 SST anomalies and sea ice concentration (August 2012; source Hadley Center). HadISST v1.1 SST anomalies and sea ice concentration (August 2012; source Hadley Center).

Cite this page

National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (Eds). Last modified 27 Mar 2021. "The Climate Data Guide: SST data: HadiSST v1.1." Retrieved from https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/sst-data-hadisst-v11.

Acknowledgement of any material taken from this page is appreciated. On behalf of experts who have contributed data, advice, and/or figures, please cite their work as well.

SST data: HadiSST v1.1

The Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) is a combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration for 1871-present. This page focuses on the SST data; see the separate page for discussion of HadISST sea ice. HadISST uses reduced space optimal interpolation applied to SSTs from the Marine Data Bank (mainly ship tracks) and ICOADS through 1981 and a blend of in-situ and adjusted satellite-derived SSTs for 1982-onwards. The "bucket correction" was applied to SSTs for 1871-1941. SSTs in boxes partially covered by sea ice were estimated from statistical relationships between SSTs and sea ice concentrations. SSTs were assigned a fixed value (-1.8°C) for areas with sea ice cover of greater than 90%. HadISST is primarily intended to be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric models. Version 1.1 is the current version.

1869-12/2020-12

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