Climate data guide content with tag In situ
Antarctic Seasonal Pressure Reconstructions 1905-2013
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This dataset consists of seasonally resolved timeseries of surface pressure at 18 Antarctic research stations, spanning 1905-2013. Routine meteorological observations began at most of these stations only around 1960, leaving a very short instrumental record on which to assess Antarctic climate variability and change. Surface pressure is one of the most…
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Formats
- ascii, Spreadsheet
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Timestep
- Seasonal
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Domain
- Antarctic
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Collections
- N/A
Experts contributing reviews
- N/A
Argo Ocean Temperature and Salinity Profiles
Years of record
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Argo is an array of over 3600 profiling floats distributed almost uniformly across the global oceans. First deployed in 2000, Argo floats provide temperature and salinity profiles from the surface to a depth of 2000m. The array has approximately 1 float for every 3 degrees of latitude and longitude, providing a new profile once every 10 days. The array is…
Main variables and Earth System components
Ocean Salinity Sub Surface Salinity Sub Surface TemperatureExperts contributing reviews
- Willis, Josh
Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT)
Years of record
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"The Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) is a multidisciplinary programme which undertakes biological, chemical and physical oceanographic research during an annual voyage between the UK and destinations in the South Atlantic." As of early November, 2013, there have been 23 cruises. AMT data have resulted in many publications including three special issues.
Main variables and Earth System components
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Sub-daily
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Domain
- Atlantic Ocean
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Collections
- Carbon cycle
Experts contributing reviews
- N/A
CARINA: Carbon in the North Altantic
Years of record
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The CARINA (CARbon dioxide IN the Atlantic Ocean) data synthesis project is an international collaborative effort of the EU IP CARBOOCEAN, and US partners. It has produced a merged internally consistent data set of open ocean subsurface measurements for biogeochemical investigations, in particular, studies involving the carbon system. The original focus area was the…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Sub-daily
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Domain
- Arctic, Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean
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Collections
- Carbon cycle
Experts contributing reviews
- N/A
CHIRPS: Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (version 2)
Years of record
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Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) is a quasi-global (50S - 50N), land-only rainfall dataset with a range of temporal and spatial resolutions depending on the region and the time period. Data can be found at 0.05 deg or 0.1 deg resolution, and can be found at 6-hourly to seasonal time scales. These resolutions are regionally dependent…
Experts contributing reviews
- Touma, Danielle, Martinez, Carlos
CPC Unified Gauge-Based Analysis of Global Daily Precipitation
Years of record
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A gauge-based analysis of daily precipitation has been constructed over the global land areas. Gauge reports from over 30,000 stations are collected from multiple sources including GTS, COOP, and other national and international agencies. Quality control is performed through comparisons with historical records and independent information from measurements at nearby…
Experts contributing reviews
- N/A
EN4 subsurface temperature and salinity for the global oceans
Years of record
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EN4 is a subsurface temperature and salinity dataset for the global oceans, spanning 1900 to present at a monthly timestep. It includes two types of data products: (1) a database of quality-controled in situ profiles and (2) a spatially complete analyses at 1 by 1 degree horizontal resolution and 42 depth levels for 83S to 90N. Input data include Argo (Argo, 2000), ASBO…
Main variables and Earth System components
Ocean potential temperature Sub Surface Salinity Sub Surface Temperature Sub-surface dataExperts contributing reviews
- Killick, Rachel
GHCN-D: Global Historical climatology Network daily temperatures
Years of record
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The Global Historical Climatology Network Daily database, GHCN-D, contains meteorological measurements from over 90,000 stations across the globe. The majority of station records contain precipitation data only, however other key variables including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, snowfall, cloudiness, wind speed and snow depth are available at many…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Maximum Air Temperature Minimum Air Temperature PrecipitationExperts contributing reviews
- McKinnon, Karen
Global surface temperature data: The Dynamically Consistent ENsemble of Temperature (DCENT)
Years of record
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The Dynamically Consistent ENsemble of Temperature (DCENT) provides monthly, global, gridded, surface temperature anomalies since 1850. This product provides combined land surface air temperature (LSAT) and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies at monthly 5° x 5° resolution. An important feature of DCENT is that both land and ocean measurements are used when bias-…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Air Temperature at 2m Ocean SST - sea surface temperatureExperts contributing reviews
- N/A
Global surface temperature: Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Temperatures using HadCRUT5 (Version 1.2)
Years of record
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The Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Temperatures using HadCRUT5 Version 1.2 (HadCRU_MLE_v1.2) dataset provides global complete surface temperature estimates since 1850, with monthly 5°x5° resolution. It uses more sophisticated statistical models to fill data gaps in the non-infilled version of HadCRUT5. The statistical models used in HadCRU_MLE_v1.2 better…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Air Temperature at 2m Ocean SST - sea surface temperatureExperts contributing reviews
- Chan, Duo
Global-mean methane at the Earth's surface from NOAA’s global cooperative greenhouse gas measurements
Years of record
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NOAA’s Global Monitory Laboratory has measured atmospheric methane levels since 1983 at a global cooperative greenhouse gases sampling network, which currently includes more than 50 sites. This measurement network is unique among greenhouse gases monitoring programs with its global coverage and long-term records. It aims to track the atmospheric abundances of long-lived…
Experts contributing reviews
- Lan, Xin
GLODAP: GLobal Ocean Data Analysis Project for Carbon
Years of record
- N/A
The GLobal Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a cooperative effort to coordinate global synthesis projects funded through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study - Synthesis and Modeling Project (JGOFS-SMP). Cruises…
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Timestep
- Climatology
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Domain
- Global
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Collections
- Carbon cycle
Experts contributing reviews
- N/A
HadIOD: Met Office-Hadley Centre Integrated Ocean Database
Years of record
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HadIOD (Met Office Hadley Centre Integrated Ocean Database) is a global database of in situ ocean temperature and salinity observations, spanning 1850-present on a daily timestep. It is somewhat unique among temperature and salinity datasets in that it combines observations from both surface and sub-surface observing platforms. As such, it is well suited to activities…
Main variables and Earth System components
Ocean Salinity SST - sea surface temperature Sub Surface TemperatureExperts contributing reviews
- Atkinson, Chris
HadISD: Sub-daily, non-interpolated weather station data
Years of record
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HadISD ("Hadley Centre Integrated Surface Database") is a compendium of subdaily weather-station data developed by the UK Met Office that is based on NOAA NCEI's Integrated Surface Database but with various quality-control checks implemented to remove stations with excessive and obvious typographical or instrumental errors, as well as individual occurrences of these…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Air Temperature at 2m Dew Point Temperature Precipitation Sea Level Pressure Storm data WindExperts contributing reviews
- Raymond, Colin
Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA)
Years of record
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The largest publicly available collection of quality-controlled, globally-distributed, historical radiosonde and pilot balloon observations is the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA; Durre et al. 2006, 2018). First released in 2004, IGRA is maintained and distributed by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). IGRA v2.2, which was released in…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Dew Point Temperature Geopotential Height Multiple variables Relative Humidity WindExperts contributing reviews
- Durre, Imke, Korzeniewski, Bryant
Ocean heat content for 10-1500m depth based on Argo
Years of record
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A regularly updated monthly timeseries of ocean heat content, based on Argo profiles, is integrated over 10-1500m depth and the latitudes 60°S-60°N. Coverage begins in 2005. It is estimated based on the method described in von Schuckmann and Le Traon (2011) and discussed in the context of other methods below.
Experts contributing reviews
- von Schuckmann, Karina
Overview: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Data Sets
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Directly measured and continuous records of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) extend back to 1958. CO2 has also been measured in ancient air samples trapped in ice cores, and these records extend back hundreds of thousands of years. More recently, CO2 is being sampled by satellites providing global data to researchers.
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Daily, Monthly, Annual
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Domain
- N/A
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Collections
- Boundary Conditions, Carbon cycle, Overview / Comparison page
Experts contributing reviews
- N/A
PACIFICA: PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon
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PACIFICA (PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon) was an international collaborative project for the data synthesis of ocean interior carbon and its related parameters in the Pacific Ocean. The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Section of Carbon and Climate (S-CC) supported the project. We have merged hydrographic/hydrochemical datasets from a total of 213…
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Formats
- ascii
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Timestep
- Sub-daily
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Domain
- Pacific Ocean
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Collections
- Carbon cycle
Experts contributing reviews
- N/A
Tropical Moored Buoy System: TAO, TRITON, PIRATA, RAMA (TOGA)
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The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program (TOGA) is a component of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) aimed specifically at the prediction of climate phenomena on time scales of months to years. In order to achieve the TOGA goals, a strategy of large-scale, long-term monitoring of the upper ocean and the atmosphere has been developed. In particular, several…
Main variables and Earth System components
Atmosphere Air Temperature Precipitation Radiation Relative Humidity Sea Level Pressure Wind Ocean Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) Ocean Heat Content SST - sea surface temperature Salinity Sub Surface Salinity Sub Surface Temperature u, v current componentsExperts contributing reviews
- N/A